October 1, 1993

Oncologist and clinical researcher Mildred Vera Peters dies. She showed that a lumpectomy and radiation was as effective as a mastectomy in treating breast cancer

20241001

October 2, 1893

Katō Sechi organic chemistry is born. She worked at the RIKEN Physical and Chemical Research Institute in Tokyo, becoming a pioneer in analysis with spectroscopy

20241002

October 3, 1951

Geologist and space and marine explorer Kathryn Dwyer Sullivan is born. She was the first astronaut to perform an extravehicular activity and demonstrated that the Challenger could refuel in orbit

20241003

October 4, 1951

Henrietta Lacks dies. Without her consent, cells from her uterine cancer were collected, giving rise to the first immortal cell culture line called HeLa

20241004

October 5, 1871

Agricultural specialist Elizabeth Coleman White is born. She collaborated with botanist Frederick Vernon Coville to develop and market a cultivated blueberry

20241005

October 6, 2022

International Geodiversity Day is celebrated for the first time. Its goal is to promote a better understanding of the Earth’s dynamic processes

20241006

October 7, 1919

Programmer and analyst Henriette Avram is born. She developed the MARC 21 format to catalog documents in an automated manner, which will be applied in the international library community

20241007

October 8, 1872

Geologist and paleontologist Gertrude Lilian Elles is born. Together with Ethel Wood, she wrote Monograph of British Graptolites, which was for many years a reference work in paleontology

20241008

October 9, 1901

Chemical engineer Germaine Benoit is born. She is especially known for her contribution to the study of sympathomimetic substances

20241009

October 10, 1967

The Outer Space Treaty comes into force. It represents the basic legal framework of international space law and has been ratified by more than 100 countries

20241010

October 11, 1854

Geologist and paleontologist Henriette Delamarre de Monchaux is born. She was a specialist in faluns, of great geological interest and useful as agricultural fertilizer for acid clay soils

20241011

October 12, 1964

The USSR puts Vosjod 1 into Earth orbit, the first spacecraft with a crew of several people and the first flight without space suits

20241012

October 13, 2016

Scientist Maria Isabel Andrade receives the World Food Prize. Her work on biofortified sweet potato varieties contributes to improving food security in Africa

20241013

October 14, 1928

Physicist and mathematician Mary Tsingou is born. She was one of the first programmers of the MANIAC computer

20241014

October 15, 1859

The doctor Augusta Déjerine-Klumpke is born. She described a paralysis of the lower roots of the brachial plexus, after the descriptions of high lesions of the Duchenne and Erb plexus

20241015

October 16, 1920

Archaeologist and anthropologist Alicia Dussán de Reichel is born. She was a pioneer in the development of social and human sciences in Colombia, as well as in gender studies in the Caribbean region

20241016

October 17, 1771

The Royal Cabinet of Natural History, currently the National Museum of Natural Sciences, opens to the public. This collection was the first to which everyone had access, regardless of their social status

20241017

October 18, 2019

Biologists Sandra Myrna Díaz and Joanne Chory receive the Princess of Asturias award for their contribution to the knowledge of plant biology

20241018

October 19, 1835

Inventor Amanda T. Jones is born. She worked on technology applied to food preservation and is known for devising a new vacuum food packaging system, the Jones method

20241019

October 20, 1891

Physicist and Nobel Prize winner James Chadwick is born. He is known worldwide for the discovery of the neutron, a subatomic particle with no net charge

20241020

October 21, 1906

Nutritionist Elsie Widdowson is born. She researched malnutrition and, with Robert McCance, oversaw the addition of vitamins to food and rationing in the United Kingdom during World War II

20241021

October 22, 1905

Radio engineer Karl Guthe Jansky is born. He showed that the radiation received with a wavelength of 14.6 meters did not come from the Sun, but from the constellation Sagittarius

20241022

October 23, 1920

Meteorologist Tetsuya Fujita is born. His research revolutionized our understanding of thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes, and severe typhoons

20241023

October 24, 1836

Chemist János Irinyi patents silent, non-explosive matches. His invention was based on mixing phosphorus with lead dioxide in the heads of matches

20241024

October 25, 1971

Industrial engineer Elena García Armada is born. She created the first bionic children’s exoskeleton, which allows paralyzed boys and girls to walk again

20241025

October 26, 1994

Mathematician Andrew Wiles announces the solution of Fermat’s Great Theorem

20241026

October 27, 1904

Filmmaker and inventor José Val del Omar is born. He incorporated different technical innovations to films such as Tríptico elemental de España

20241027

October 28, 1897

Physician Marjory Warren is born. She is considered the mother of modern geriatric medicine

20241028

October 29, 1791

Botanist Anne Kingsbury Wollstonecraft is born. She studied the flora of Cuba and, in the mid-1820s, created an illustrated manuscript, Specimens of Plants and Fruits of the Island of Cuba

20241029

October 30, 1909

Physicist Homi J. Bhabha is born. He proposed the use of India’s abundant thorium reserves, replacing the scarce uranium reserves, to start the atomic energy program

20241030

October 31, 1831

The doctor, neurologist, physiologist and anthropologist Paolo Mantegazza is born. He isolated cocaine from coca and investigated its anesthetic effects in humans

20241031