November 1, 1755

The Great Lisbon Earthquake takes place. The search for a scientific explanation brought together an important team of specialists and laid the foundations of modern seismology

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November 2, 1954

Biologist Pere Alberch is born. He directed the National Museum of Natural Sciences, reformed the research departments, encouraged the modernization of the collections and made stimulating exhibitions

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November 3, 1887

Geologist Eileen Hendriks is born. Although she could not access a professional category in accordance with her training, she was awarded for her work on the geology of Devon and Cornwall (Great Britain)

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November 4, 1933

Electrical engineer and Nobel Prize winner Charles Kuen Kao is born. He was a pioneer in the development and use of fiber optics in telecommunications

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November 5, 1947

Marine biologist and oceanographer Sallie W. Chisholm is born. Co-discoverer of the most abundant marine phytoplankton, Prochlorococcus, she is an expert in the ecology and evolution of oceanic microbes

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November 6, 1886

Astronomer Ida Barney is born. She is known for her 22 volumes of astrometric measurements of 150,000 stars

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November 7, 2019

Biochemist Margarita Salas dies. She promoted molecular biology in Spain and isolated the enzyme DNA polymerase from the phage Phi 29, a discovery that allowed DNA to be amplified

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November 8, 1917

Scientist Kamal Ranadive is born. She established India’s first tissue culture research laboratory and is known for her work on the relationship between cancers and viruses

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November 9, 1850

Ignacio Bolívar, one of the most brilliant entomologists of his time, is born. As director of the National Museum of Natural Sciences, he recovered the splendor that it had had in its beginnings

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November 10, 1935

Theoretical astrophysicist and cosmologist Ígor Nóvikov is born. He formulated the Novikov principle of self-consistency to solve the problems of paradoxes in time travel

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November 11, 1930

Patent US1781541 is granted to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd for their invention: the Einstein refrigerator. For years, both physicists worked to improve domestic refrigeration technology

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November 12, 1926

Biochemist and nutritionist Taneko Suzuki is born. She was an expert in protein chemistry and in the development of foods from fish proteins, such as Marinbeef concentrate

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November 13, 1893

Botanist and librarian Mary Ellinor Lucy Archer is born. She promoted the introduction of universal decimal classification at the CSIRO and pioneered the concept of interlibrary loans

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November 14, 1962

Fang Fang Kullander is born. Recognized for her contributions to aquaculture in China and knowledge of Myanmar’s inland waters. She founded the Sino-European project ECOCARP

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November 15, 1888

Veterinarian Agnes Sjöberg is born. She is considered the first European, and probably the first woman in the world, to defend her doctorate in veterinary medicine (on ocular discharge from horses)

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November 16, 1974

From the Arecibo Radio Telescope (Puerto Rico), the Arecibo Message is sent into outer space. It includes data on the situation of the solar system, the Earth and the human being

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November 17, 1935

Doctor Matilda Evans dies. She advocated for better health care for African Americans, particularly girls and boys

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November 18, 1863

The naturalist and oceanographer Odón de Buen is born. Among his numerous contributions, the one that has transcended the most is the creation of the Spanish Institute of Oceanography in 1914

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November 19, 1847

Microbiologist Carl Friedländer is born. He identified the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, which causes pneumonia. This bacteria is known as Friedlander’s bacillus

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November 20, 1984

The SETI Institute is founded, a non-profit organization dedicated to the search for intelligent life in the Universe

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November 21, 1871

The doctor Clotilde-Camille Deflandre is born. She is known for discovering, together with Paul Carnot, erythropoietin, the main natural stimulator of red blood cell (erythrocyte) production

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November 22, 1880

Chemist Pauline Ramart is born. Her works deal with the relationship between the spectrum of ultraviolet radiation and chemical reactions linked to radiology

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November 23, 1927

Chemical engineer Erik Rothheim patents the first valved aerosol can that could contain and dispense products and propellant systems. It was the precursor of the modern sprayer

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November 24, 1914

Physical therapist Bessie Blount Griffin is born. She taught new ways of performing everyday tasks to former soldiers with disabled hands and invented a feeding system for amputees

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November 25, 1937

Statistician Martha Bilotti-Aliaga is born. She developed innovative methods for teaching statistics, awakening the critical spirit and reasoning among her students

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November 26, 1907

Botanist and limnologist Ruth M. Patrick is born. She was a pioneer in using diatoms to diagnose the health of freshwater ecosystems

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November 27, 2021

The carballo (Quercus robur L.) from the Bosque del Banquete de Conxo wins the Tree of the Year competition in Spain 2022. More than 250 years old, it was defended by Rosalía de Castro in a pioneering ecological complaint

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November 28, 1924

Agricultural engineer Johanna Döbereiner is born. She studied biological nitrogen fixation, helping to reduce dependence on nitrogen fertilizer in soybean crops in Brazil

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November 29, 1849

Engineer John Fleming is born. He invented the vacuum diode, a milestone that is considered the beginning of electronics

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November 30, 1950

A patent is requested for a method for the production of dairy products with low lactose content. It is based on the enzymatic digestion of lactose present in milk

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