Aviation pioneer Amy Johnson is born. She set several long-distance flight records, for example, being the first woman to fly solo from Great Britain to Australia

The humanist Elio Antonio de Nebrija dies. He is one of the most prominent linguists of the Spanish language. In 1492, he published the first grammar of this language

Japanese researchers develop a liver from stem cells and successfully transplant it into mice

The Mars Pathfinder lander (NASA) lands on Mars. The lander later released the rover, which conducted multiple experiments on the Martian surface

Astronomer Louise Freeland Jenkins is born. She was known for her research on the trigonometric parallax of nearby stars. She also studied variable stars

Biochemist Mária Wollemann is born. She specialized in neurochemistry and neuropharmacology, researching opioid receptors among other topics

Biologist Rose Epstein Frisch is born. She discovered that a low level of body fat is a contributing factor to infertility

Pharmaceutical chemist John Stith Pemberton is born. He invented a drink based on coca leaves and kola nut for sale in pharmacies, although it would become more famous as a soft drink: Coca-Cola

Mathematician Kathleen Booth is born. She co-designed one of the first operating computers and authored one of the earliest books on computer design, among other contributions

The first prototype of the Troposphère rocket is launched. The Troposphère program, developed 100% in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, aims to be able to launch satellites from this country

The official announcement of the archaeological discovery of the army of terracotta warriors guarding the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, near the city of Xi’an (China), takes place

Chemists William Ramsay and Morris Travers discover xenon (atomic number 54) in residual liquefied air. It emitted a blue glow when a spark occurred in a vacuum tube

Astronomer Mary Lea Heger is born. She made important discoveries about the interstellar medium. She was the discoverer of interstellar diffuse bands in 1922

The video game research, development, and distribution company Nintendo released Mario Bros, an arcade game created by Shigeru Miyamoto and Gunpei Yokoi

The Royal National Academy of Medicine of Spain is founded to advise institutions on matters related to medicine, health, and healthcare, among other objectives

The United States performs the Trinity test. It was the first test of a nuclear weapon in history. The inhabitants of the area were not warned or evacuated despite the potential risk

Geologist and paleontologist Amanz Gressly is born. He is considered one of the founders of modern stratigraphy and paleoecology

Scientist Nobuhiro Satō is born. He attempted to integrate Western science (especially astronomy) with Japanese political and philosophical thought

The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human skull using computed tomography (CT) is published

Mathematician John Playfair dies. He published an annotated edition of Euclid’s Elements in 1795 in which he used algebraic notation to abbreviate proofs

The Fresnedillas aerospace station (Madrid) becomes the first to receive the signal from the Apollo 11 moon landing. From there, it was forwarded to NASA in Houston (United States)

World Brain Day. It aims to raise awareness about caring for this vital organ of the human body and the importance of preventing diseases that can lead to its deterioration

Astronaut Sally Ride dies. Together with her girlfriend, Tam O’Shaughnessy, she founded the company Sally Ride Science to promote education in science and technology, with a special focus on girls

Geneticist Trefor Jenkins is born. He is known for his work on genetic markers, which has helped clarify the origins of various native groups in Africa

Cosmonaut Svetlana Savítskaya becomes the first woman to fly into open space. Her spacewalk lasted three hours and thirty-five minutes

Scientific illustrator Pauline Rifer de Courcelles is born. Her paintings of birds illustrate ornithological works by zoologist Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest and naturalist Coenraad Jacob Temminck

Mycologist Marguerite Augusta Marie Löwenhielm is born. She studied the effectiveness of new vine varieties in surviving the phylloxera plague, which devastated grape crops in her time

Nobel Prize winner Baruch S. Blumberg is born. He identified the hepatitis B virus and developed its vaccine. Today, World Hepatitis Day is celebrated in his honor

Botanist George C. Clerk is born. He was a pioneer of plant pathology in Ghana and throughout West Africa. He also researched the mycology and ecology of this region

Botanist and illustrator Matilda Smith is born. She was especially admired for her ability to create believable illustrations from dried, flattened, and sometimes imperfect specimens

Agronomist Melaku Worede dies. He built one of the best seed conservation centers in the world, protecting Ethiopia’s genetic wealth, which includes drought-tolerant crops