The oceanographer Odón de Buen publishes the Summary of a Biology Course, the first appearance of ecological content in curricular textbooks in Spain

The CSIC shows the effectiveness of wetlands to eliminate antibiotics in wastewater treatment. This nature-based solution was more effective than conventional technology

Geologist Larisa Popugayeva is born. Together with fellow geologist Natalia Sarsadskirh, she discovered the Zarnitsa mine in 1954, which is one of the largest diamond mines in Russia and the world

Biochemist Stanford Moore is born. He won a Nobel Prize for his studies on the relationship between the chemical structure and catalytic activity of the core of ribonuclease molecules

Microbiologist Alice Catherine Evans dies. She discovered the transmission mechanism of brucellosis and recommended the pasteurization of cow’s milk

Chemist Richard J. Roberts is born. He shared a Nobel Prize with Phillip Sharp for their work on introns, regions of DNA that are removed from the transcript before being translated into proteins

The chemist August Kekulé is born. He was one of the founders of the structural theory of chemistry, based on the tetravalence of the carbon atom and the concept of chemical bonding

Juan Sebastián Elcano completes the circumnavigation of the Earth begun with Ferdinand Magellan. This milestone enhanced our understanding of the Earth’s shape, forming the foundation of modern cartography

Mathematician and statistician Gibson Mandishona dies. He is known both for his work on renewable energy and for co-writing the song Zimbabwe with Bob Marley

Inventor Elias Howe patents the lockstitch sewing machine. He built upon Walter Hunt’s earlier model and improved it, resulting in legal disputes over the invention’s intellectual property

The Manifesto for the value of science in agri-food is presented in Madrid. It asks whether science can confront the hoaxes about the agri-food sector

Ecologist Sandra Lavorel is born. She was awarded the 2020 Ramón Margalef Ecology Prize for her contribution to ecology based on functional traits

The doctor Thoma Ionescu is born. He is known for being the founder of the Romanian school of surgery and topographic anatomy and for developing new surgical techniques

Amateur astronomer and popularizer John Dobson is born. He promoted the design of a revolutionary portable, low-cost telescope that bears his name: the Dobson telescope

The sturgeon specialist group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission agrees to include the Yangtze paddlefish (Psephurus gladius) on the list of extinct species

Statistician María Jesús (Susie) Bayarri García is born. Her professional life focused on the study, teaching, and promotion of Bayesian statistics

Biologist Sofia Pereiaslavtseva is born. Her research focused on the embryonic development of amphipods and turbellarians. She cataloged 200 Black Sea animal species, including 105 protozoa

Inauguration of the African Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS). Its objective is to train the best minds in Africa to produce and use science and technology for its development

Chemical engineer Erik Andreas Rothheim is born. He is recognized for creating the first aerosol can with a valve that can hold and dispense fluids

Nurse Elizabeth Kenny is born. She developed a technique to minimize the after-effects of polio, noticing that the affected muscles were stiff but not permanently damaged

Botanist Elena Paunero Ruiz is born. She specialized in mycology and agrostology and served as the head of the herbaria section at the Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid (CSIC)

The first issue of the National Geographic Magazine is published. It began as a publication focused on scientific dissemination and became renowned for its high standards of graphic material

CSIC researchers discover three species of wild roses in three of the highest and oldest volcanoes in the Canary Islands: Rosa roque-muchachensis, Rosa cannadas-teydensis and Rosa gran-canariae

Yacouba Sawadogo is awarded the Right Livelihood Award for perfecting the traditional zaï hole farming technique, restoring lands affected by desertification in the Sahel

Engineer Danny Hillis is born. He created the Connection Machine, a parallel supercomputer designed to advance artificial intelligence development

Marine biologist and ecologist Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring, in which she warned about the harmful effects of pesticides on the environment

Information systems researcher Johannes Dewald Roode dies. He received the 2008 Leo Award from the Information Systems Association for his exceptional achievements in this discipline

The documentary series Cosmos: A Personal Journey, by Carl Sagan, is released. This series is considered to have brought science closer to more than 500 million people in over 60 countries

​​Physicist and professor Louise Sherwood McDowell is born. She was one of the first scientists to work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (United States)

Physicist Hans Geiger is born. Together with Walter Müller, he developed the Geiger counter, a detector that allows measuring the radioactivity of places and objects